Sustainable recovery of Fe(II) Oxalate from steel industry waste using leaching, hydrothermal, and photo-reduction routes

Wafi, Abdul, Wisely, Nick, Darsono, Nono, Khaerudini, Deni Shidqi, Iqbal, Muhammad, Yuliarto, Brian and Timuda, Gerald Ensang (2023) Sustainable recovery of Fe(II) Oxalate from steel industry waste using leaching, hydrothermal, and photo-reduction routes. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 9 (3). pp. 1114-1125. ISSN 2199-3823

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Abstract

The iron and steel industries have continuously expanded in recent years. These manufacturing companies are one of the main contributors to the environmental problems due to their by-products such as slag and mill scale. These solid wastes from iron and steel industries consist of a high iron element. Hence, the recovery of iron from these steel wastes can reduce secondary pollution and can have an economic benefit. Fe(II) oxalate is a critical building block material for several applications such as lithium-ion batteries, photocatalysts, pigment, etc. This work proposes a green synthesis technology with near-zero waste for the preparation of Fe(II) oxalate from steel waste in Indonesia. The following steps of leaching, photochemical reduction, and hydrothermal methods were used to achieve the purpose. The leaching process of steel waste using oxalic acid was conducted to produce a yellow precipitate of Fe(II) oxalate and the greenish filtrate (Fe(III) oxalate aqueous solution) as a by-product. The optimum dose of steel waste in oxalic acid solution was found at 50 mg/mL. Subsequently, photochemical reduction and hydrothermal were utilized to produce another Fe(II) oxalate from the greenish filtrate with high purity of Fe(II) oxalate in the form of α-FeC2O4⋅2H2O and β-FeC2O4⋅2H2O. A rod-like microstructure of Fe(II) oxalate was found in various sizes, depending on the synthesis route. A major particle length in the range of 4–10 μm was found for the leaching and photoreduction routes, while a larger size with a length of 150–350 μm was found for the hydrothermal one. Our results indicate that different methods influenced α or β crystalline structure as well as the particle size of Fe(II) oxalate.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Keywords:	Fe(II) oxalate; steel waste; leaching; photochemical reduction; hydrothermal; near-zero waste
Subjects:	03 CHEMICAL SCIENCES > 0302 Inorganic Chemistry > 030203 Inorganic Green Chemistry 09 ENGINEERING > 0912 Materials Engineering > 091205 Functional Materials
Divisions:	Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences > Department of Pharmacy
Depositing User:	Abdul Wafi
Date Deposited:	27 Oct 2023 16:05

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