Antiviral activity of Saussurea lappa ethanol extract against SARS-Cov-2: In vitro study

Fitrianingsih, Avin Ainur ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3571-114X, Santosaningsih, Dewi ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0156-6976, Djajalaksana, Susanthy ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2069-7357, Karyono, Setyawati Soeharto ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8328-4878, Mutiah, Roihatul ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8196-9029, Lusida, Maria Inge ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5039-0674 and Prawiro, Sumarno Reto ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9570-9631 (2024) Antiviral activity of Saussurea lappa ethanol extract against SARS-Cov-2: In vitro study. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 16 (2). pp. 247-254. ISSN 09757058

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Abstract

Objective: The study aims to investigate the antiviral activity of S. lappa against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro.

Methods: The extracts are obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) with a 96% ethanol solvent. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) uses n-hexane: ethyl acetate and chloroform: methanol) as mobile phases. The staining outcome is subsequently examined using UV visualizers with a wavelength of 366 nm. To assess the antiviral activity of Vero E6 cells, extracts were employed at doses of 25, 50, 75, and 100 µg/ml, with remdesivir serving as the positive control. Supernatants were collected on days 1, 2, 3, and 6 for qRT-PCR testing with target genes E and ORF1ab. Time-addition experiments were conducted to determine how the extract works as antiviral. Protein expression was tested with Western blots with antibodies S and N SARS-CoV-2.

Results: TLC identifies terpenoid chemicals present in the ethanol extract of S. lappa. The ethanol extract of S. lappa exhibited antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2, with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 40 µg/ml, a cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) of 131.4 µg/ml, and a selectivity index of 3.51. The extract can potentially impact the entry-post-entry phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero cells. The immunoblotting results demonstrated a reduction in the expression of S and N proteins in the treatment group compared to the negative control.

Conclusion: S. lappa ethanol extract has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 based on an in vitro study.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Keywords:	Saussurea lappa; SARS-CoV-2; Antiviral activity
Subjects:	11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1108 Medical Microbiology > 110804 Medical Virology
Divisions:	Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences > Department of Medical Education
Depositing User:	Avin Ainur Fitrianingsih
Date Deposited:	17 May 2024 13:36

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