Network pharmacology analysis of secondary metabolites from Alstonia spectabilis for antimalaria activity prediction

Taek, Maximus M., Muslikh, Faisal Akhmal, Maulana, Saipul, Paneo, Dwi R., Aszari, Efendi H., Azizah, Azzahra, Maulina, Novia, Putra, Galih S. and Ma'arif, Burhan ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9182-343X (2025) Network pharmacology analysis of secondary metabolites from Alstonia spectabilis for antimalaria activity prediction. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 68 (5). pp. 53-60. ISSN 0449-2285

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Abstract

Malaria, which is prevalent in 85 countries worldwide, poses a significant threat to global mortality rates, particularly in regions like East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Conventional anti-malarial drugs like chloroquine and artemisinin face diminishing effectiveness due to Plasmodium sp. resistance. Historically, among the Tetun people in East Nusa Tenggara, Alstonia spectabilis served as an anti malarial remedy. The purpose of this research was to predict A. spectabilis's potential as an antimalaria treatment through network pharmacology. By analyzing SMILES metabolite codes from UPLC-QToF-MS/MS and GC-MS via BindingDB, TargetNet, Ensemble Similarity Approach, and SwissTargetPrediction, potential protein targets implicated in malaria pathogenesis were identified. Leveraging databases like GeneCards®,The Human Gene Database, DrugBank Online Database, and OMIM, numerous protein targets associated with malaria and Plasmodium sp.were revealed. Interactions between active compounds and protein targets were forecasted using GeneCard, Drugbank, OMIM, and DisGeNET. 2,707 genes from pharmacological activity databases and 6,802 therapy targets for malaria were identified. The Venn diagram analysis refined the selection to 657 target genes. Protein protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software, with Cluster 6 spotlighted for its association with malaria pathogenesis. Top-ranking genes, including ITGB2, ITGB1, ITGAL, ITGA4, and ITGB3, were identified based on degree parameters. While ITGB2 remains in the preliminary stage, its potential correlation with malaria is hypothesized, given its association with immune responses like inflammation and adaptive immunity. Finally, A. spectabilis shows promise as a potential antimalaria drug because it changes the immune system by increasing ITGB2 expression. This research sheds light on novel avenues for combating malaria.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Keywords:	Alstonia spectabilis; antimalaria; ITGB2; network pharmacology
Subjects:	11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1118 Diseases > 111802 Virus Diseases 11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1118 Diseases > 111803 Parasitic Diseases 11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences 11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1118 Diseases
Divisions:	Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences > Department of Pharmacy
Depositing User:	Burhan Ma'arif
Date Deposited:	10 Sep 2025 14:17

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