A comparative analysis of rationalism paradigms: An Islamic and Western perspective

Harahap, Nurizka Hasanah and Soleh, Achmad Khudori ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5145-6046 (2025) A comparative analysis of rationalism paradigms: An Islamic and Western perspective. Journal Indonesia Sosial Sains, 6 (12). pp. 3844-3852. ISSN 2723 – 6692

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Abstract

This study aims to analyze the concept of rationalism from both Islamic and Western perspectives through a comparative approach. Previous research indicates that the two traditions share the use of reason as an epistemic instrument but differ significantly in their sources of truth, methodological foundations, and philosophical orientations. This research adopts a library-based method with a philosophical-descriptive approach to examine the ideas of key thinkers from both traditions. The findings reveal that Western rationalism anchors truth in the autonomy of human reason through deductive methods, methodological skepticism, and the coherence theory of truth. In contrast, Islamic rationalism integrates reason with divine revelation, particularly in interpreting theological and metaphysical realities. These distinctions influence the development of scientific thought, the structure of epistemology, and ethical orientations within each civilization. This study concludes that Islamic rationalism is characterized by a theocentric-integrative framework, whereas Western rationalism tends to be anthropocentric and secular. The results of this research are expected to contribute to the discourse on comparative epistemology and provide a foundation for further studies on the integration of knowledge.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Keywords:	Islam; Rationalism; West.
Subjects:	22 PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES > 2203 Philosophy
Divisions:	Faculty of Psychology
Depositing User:	Dr Achmad Khudori Soleh
Date Deposited:	30 Dec 2025 10:31

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