Chitosan-Coated silver nanoparticles with various floral honey bioreductors: A promising nonalcoholic hand gel sanitizer formulation

Fiddaroini, Saidun ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6416-9505, Indu, Kurnia, Madaniyah, Luailik, Amalia, Suci ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-8574, Aulanni’am, Aulanni’am, Rahman, Moh. Farid and Sabarudin, Akhmad ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3096-5087 (2025) Chitosan-Coated silver nanoparticles with various floral honey bioreductors: A promising nonalcoholic hand gel sanitizer formulation. OpenNano, 21 (100228). p. 123. ISSN 23529520

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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance represents a critical global health challenge, necessitating innovative strategies to combat resistant pathogens. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using honey as a bioreductant and coated with oligochitosan derived from the depolymerization of low-molecular-weight chitosan. The synthesis employed eco-friendly methods, with characterization performed via UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, EDX, XRD, and LCsingle bondHRMS. AgNPs synthesized with Ceiba pentandra honey exhibited an average particle size of 11.71 nm, demonstrating high antibacterial activity when coated with oligochitosan. The 10 % AgNPs-Chitosan-based hand gel sanitizer formulation achieved inhibition zones of 14.84 ± 0.40 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 11.16 ± 0.73 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The hand gel sanitizer formulation exhibited stable pH (4.0–4.3), high resistance to syneresis at 5 °C and 40 °C, and superior antibacterial efficacy compared to alcohol-based hand gel sanitizers. Dermatological assessments confirmed the formulation's safety, and Artemia salina toxicity tests revealed the highest LC50 value (2,648.97 ppm) for AgNPs derived from C. pentandra honey. This work provides an eco-friendly, efficient method for AgNP synthesis with strong potential for biomedical and environmental applications, including their use in hand gel sanitizers to reduce pathogen transmission in various settings, contributing to the advancement of green nanotechnology.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Keywords:	silver nanoparticles; honey; chitosan; antibacterial; hand gel sanitizer
Subjects:	03 CHEMICAL SCIENCES > 0302 Inorganic Chemistry > 030201 Bioinorganic Chemistry 03 CHEMICAL SCIENCES > 0302 Inorganic Chemistry > 030203 Inorganic Green Chemistry 03 CHEMICAL SCIENCES > 0301 Analytical Chemistry 03 CHEMICAL SCIENCES > 0302 Inorganic Chemistry
Divisions:	Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences > Department of Chemistry
Depositing User:	Mrs Suci Amalia
Date Deposited:	10 Jul 2026 10:00

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