Hybrid online dispute resolution for small-value e-commerce consumer disputes: Integrating inclusive legal thought and Maqāṣid al-Sharīa

Musataklima, Musataklima, Umam, Khairul, Rofiq, Mahbub Ainur, Kadir, Abdul and Fidhayanti, Dwi (2026) Hybrid online dispute resolution for small-value e-commerce consumer disputes: Integrating inclusive legal thought and Maqāṣid al-Sharīa. Justicia Islamica: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Sosial, 23 (2). pp. 597-628. ISSN 2502-7646

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Abstract

The growth of e-commerce has increased transaction volumes while also giving rise to small-value consumer disputes that cannot yet be effectively resolved through conventional mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the need to implement Hybrid Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) to resolvesmall-scale e-commerceconsumer disputes and to examine its normative foundations from the perspective of Indonesia’s inclusive legal thought and maqāṣid al-sharīa. The study employs a doctrinal legal method, drawing onlegislative and conceptual approaches. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were collected through a literature review and then qualitatively analyzed using prescriptive analysis techniques through systematic interpretation and legal construction. The results indicate that Hybrid ODR holds philosophical urgency as an instrument that broadens access to justice, accelerates dispute resolution, and reduces the costs of case resolution. From a sociological perspective, this model addresses the rising number of consumer disputes in e-commerce andthe limited capacity of the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK). From a legal perspective, Hybrid ODR has the potential to strengthen legal certainty and enhance the effectiveness of consumer protectionby integratingonline and offline mechanisms. From the perspective of inclusive law, this model derives its legitimacy from nonlinear postulates, the religious character of law that aligns with maqāṣid al-sharīa, particularly ḥifẓal-māl,and the affirmative action postulate, which provides greater protection for consumers as a vulnerable group. This study contributes by proposing Hybrid ODR as an adaptive, inclusive, and context-sensitive dispute-resolution model to strengthen Indonesia's consumer protection system within its e-commerce ecosystem.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Keywords:	hybrid online dispute resolution; small-value consumer disputes; inclusive legal thought.
Subjects:	18 LAW AND LEGAL STUDIES > 1801 Law > 180119 Law and Society 18 LAW AND LEGAL STUDIES > 1801 Law > 180127 Mu'amalah (Islamic Commercial & Contract Law) > 18012724 Islamic Banking
Divisions:	Faculty of Sharia and Law > Department of Sharia Business Law
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with email abdulkadir@uin-malang.ac.id
Date Deposited:	10 Jul 2026 16:13

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