Examining dual-factor mental health: A confirmatory factor analysis among senior secondary students in Islamic boarding schools

Aziz, Rahmat ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-0501, Wahyuni, Esa Nur, Wargadinata, Wildana ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-0462, Maksum, Ali, Mangestuti, Retno ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-3931 and Maimunah, Iffat ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3112-6573 (2026) Examining dual-factor mental health: A confirmatory factor analysis among senior secondary students in Islamic boarding schools. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 15 (4). pp. 3141-3149. ISSN 2252-8822

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Abstract

This study examines the measurement properties of the dual-factor model of mental health among senior secondary students in Islamic boarding schools. Despite growing interest in the dual-factor framework, empirical validation in culturally embedded educational settings remains limited. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, data were collected from 616 students across 10 schools using the Azira Mental Health Scale (AMHS-24), which assesses psychological well-being and psychological distress. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a two-factor structure, indicating that well-being and distress are distinct yet related constructs. The model showed acceptable but not optimal fit (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=.055; standardized root mean square residual (SRMR)=.063; comparative fit index (CFI)=.874; Tucker–Lewis index (TLI)=.862). Reliability was satisfactory (α=.855 and .861), and discriminant validity was supported (heterotrait–monotrait (HTMT)=.321). However, convergent
validity was limited (average variance extracted (AVE)=.332 and .343). The novelty of this study lies in validating a dual-factor mental health instrument within Islamic boarding schools, providing a contextually grounded assessment of both positive and negative dimensions. Despite this limitation, the findings support the use of the AMHS-24 as a reliable tool for assessing general mental health patterns.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Keywords:	confirmatory factor analysis; dual-factor mental health; islamic boarding school; mental health; psychological distress; psychological well-being
Subjects:	17 PSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES > 1701 Psychology
Divisions:	Faculty of Psychology
Depositing User:	Iffat Maimunah
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2026 14:47

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