SARS-CoV-2 virus dynamics incorporating immunity and treatment

Zamzani, Mohamad Afif Zaky, Pagalay, Usman, Widayani, Heni ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6966-6754, Karisma, Ria Dhea Layla Nur ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5941-9565 and Alisah, Evawati (2026) SARS-CoV-2 virus dynamics incorporating immunity and treatment. Presented at Mathematical Modeling in the Life Sciences Symomath 2025, 29-30 Juli 2025, Surabaya.

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Abstract

The study examines the analysis of the dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus spread model in the human body using five variables, namely, healthy cell population (S), latent infected cell population (L), productive infected cell population (I), virus population (V ), and immune cell population (W). The purpose of this study is to determine the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus so that it can help formulate strategies that can stop the spread of the virus. The first research step is to construct the model, then determine the equilibrium points, and analyse its stability. Basic reproductive numbers are also determined which serve to determine the level of spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Then, a numerical simulation was carried out using MATLAB software to illustrate the model’s behaviour. Based on the results of the study, two equilibrium points were obtained, which are the disease-free equilibrium point and the endemic equilibrium point. The fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is described as the numerical approach used to obtain computational solutions to the system. The results indicate that leads to complete elimination over time of virus, with infected cell populations declining to zero over time. In addition, results in viral persistence at endemic equilibrium levels. These findings highlight the importance of reducing below one to stop long-term viral spread.

Item Type:	Conference (Paper)
Keywords:	basic reproduction number; sars-cov-2; stability analysis; endemic equilibrium; immunity; treatment effectiveness
Subjects:	01 MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES > 0102 Applied Mathematics > 010204 Dynamical Systems in Applications
Divisions:	Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences > Department of Mathematics
Depositing User:	Miss Ria Dhea Layla Nur Karisma
Date Deposited:	12 Aug 2026 08:54

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