Distribution of cognitive load and related debates in students interacting with an augmented reality application for history learning

Criollo-C, Santiago, Moscoso-Zea, Oswaldo, Arif, Yunifa Miftachul ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2183-0762 and Lujan-Mora, Sergio (2026) Distribution of cognitive load and related debates in students interacting with an augmented reality application for history learning. Informatics, 13 (126). pp. 1-20. ISSN 2227-9709

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Abstract

The growing adoption of Augmented Reality (AR) in education raises challenges related to the cognitive load that students experience during learning. Inadequate management of this load can negatively affect information processing during learning activities. Al-though previous studies have explored AR applications, most have focused on usability and learning outcomes, leaving aside the detailed analysis of Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), particularly its dimensions: intrinsic cognitive load (ICL), extraneous cognitive load (ECL) and germane cognitive load (GCL). To address this gap, this study evaluates cognitive load using the HistARium application, designed to support history learning with interactive experiences. A total of 60 students participated and completed a structured questionnaire to measure ICL, ECL, and GCL after using the application. The results show a positive distribution: moderate intrinsic load, low extraneous load, and high germane load. These findings indicate that the HistARium application balances content complexity, reduces unnecessary effort, and promotes cognitive processes associated with information organization and schema education construction. Furthermore, the results suggest that integrating CLT principles into AR applications supports cognitive processing during learning, while also opening new opportunities for the development of immersive and adaptive learning environments.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Keywords:	augmented reality; education; innovation; learning; meta quest; cognitive load theory; immersive learning
Subjects:	08 INFORMATION AND COMPUTING SCIENCES > 0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing > 080110 Simulation and Modelling 08 INFORMATION AND COMPUTING SCIENCES > 0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing > 080111 Virtual Reality and Related Simulation 08 INFORMATION AND COMPUTING SCIENCES > 0803 Computer Software > 080305 Multimedia Programming
Divisions:	Faculty of Technology > Department of Informatics Engineering
Depositing User:	Yunifa Miftachul Arif
Date Deposited:	23 Oct 2026 08:56

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