Layered liability model for facilitators of illegal marriages in Indonesia

Akbar, Mochammad Fahd, Saifullah, Saifullah and Musataklima, Musataklima ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9827-4460 (2026) Layered liability model for facilitators of illegal marriages in Indonesia. Bulletin of Community Engagement, 6 (3). pp. 76-86. ISSN 2774-7077

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Abstract

Unregistered and unlawful marriages in Indonesia present varying levels of fault and harm, yet the legal response remains fragmented. This normative-prescriptive legal study examines why existing frameworks fail to adequately distinguish the responsibility of unauthorized marriage facilitators and proposes a proportionate accountability framework. Utilizing statutory, conceptual, philosophical, and limited comparative approaches, the research integrates Gustav Radbruch’s legal values and al-Shāṭibī’s maqāṣid al-sharīʿah. The study proposes a conduct-based assessment evaluating authority, knowledge, decisive contribution, and foreseeable consequences. Consequently, it introduces a five-layered accountability model comprising education, religious-organizational ethics, administrative measures, remedial duties, and narrowly defined criminal liability as an ultimum remedium. Crucially, criminal sanctions require prospective legislation and strict proof of statutory elements. Furthermore, the recovery of women’s and children’s civil rights must proceed independently of any proceedings against the facilitator. Ultimately, this model offers a comprehensive legislative blueprint to balance state authority and the substantive protection of vulnerable families.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Keywords:	marriage facilitators; layered accountabilit
Subjects:	18 LAW AND LEGAL STUDIES > 1801 Law > 180128 Islamic Family Law 18 LAW AND LEGAL STUDIES > 1801 Law > 180128 Islamic Family Law > 18012899 Islamic Family Law not elsewhere classified
Divisions:	Faculty of Sharia and Law > Department of Islamic Constitutional Law
Depositing User:	saifullah saifullah
Date Deposited:	10 Nov 2026 08:26

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