Dimensions
Dimensions
Takdir, Mohammad, Fadil, Fadil 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0926-7310 and Basri, Basri
(2026)
Spiritual dimensions of carok: Transpersonal analysis of Madurese honour defense.
Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Sosial Budaya (Journal of Religious and Socio-Cultural Studies), 11 (1).
pp. 98-108.
ISSN https://issn.brin.go.id/terbit/detail/1453088564
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Abstract
Carok, a traditional honour-based practice of violence in Madura, Indonesia, is often misunderstood as mere physical aggression, despite its embedded spiritual dimensions, including rituals, mystical beliefs, and sacred symbolism. This study aims to elaborate on the spiritual meaning of carok behavior among Madurese people from a transpersonal psychology perspective. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 informants, including former perpetrators, blaters, religious leaders, traditional leaders, and family members. The phenomenological analysis used to interpret subjective experiences about the spiritual dimension in carok behavior. The findings indicate that spirituality is expressed through pre-carok rituals (prayer, fasting, blessing-seeking), mystical beliefs in the sacred sickle (celurit), and the conceptualisation of death as a spiritual victory rather than a defeat, demonstrating the synthesis of physical action with transcendent consciousness. This study redefines carok as a transpersonal phenomenon that merges bodily action with spiritual consciousness, contesting reductionist interpretations and enhancing indigenous psychological frameworks.
| Item Type: | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | carok; madura; spirituality; transpersonal psychology |
| Subjects: | 22 PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES > 2204 Religion and Religious Studies > 220403 Islamic Studies 22 PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES > 2204 Religion and Religious Studies > 220403 Islamic Studies > 22040308 Islamic Studies not elsewhere classified 22 PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES > 2204 Religion and Religious Studies > 220405 Religion and Society |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Sharia and Law > Department of Hadith Studies |
| Depositing User: | Fadil SJ |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Oct 2026 16:01 |
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